Tradition in William Faulkners A Rose for Emily and Shirley Jacksons

Tradition in William Faulkners A Rose for Emily and Shirley Jacksons The Lottery nation throughout the world do things for some(prenominal) different reasons. Religion, peer pressure, or usance are some of the reasons the raft do things. In the U.S. we have many traditions such as Christmas. Some people have strange or out of the ordinary traditions. The two short stories ?The Lottery? and ?A Rose for Emily? both portray tradition.In ?The Lottery?, tradition is showed in three main ways. First, Old Man Warner says, ?there has always been a lottery (Jackson 11).? The town people accept The Lottery because there has always been a lottery. The older people in the town such as Old Man Warner keep the tradition alive with their ideals. Second, The Lottery is held every year. Tradition is upheld in this way because it introduces the younger generation to the tradition. This shows that the lottery is a tradition because traditions happen over and over again. Lastly, tradition is shown w ith the parifanilia used in the story of ?The Lottery?. The black box used to draw names is a duplicate of the original. The black box is a type of what was in the years past.In ?A Rose for Emily?, tradition is also shown in three main ways. First, Emily does not get courted by anyone. This would not attend to be a normal tradition but in the story her father did not want Emily to become involved with anyone. Emily?s father was not following tradition when doing this because normal t...

Bruce Almighty Essay -- essays research papers

Kimberly Mena2/15/05Mr. Shea Bruce Almighty Bruce AlmightyWatching Bruce Almighty, starring Jim Carrey, we were shown some(prenominal) scenes. In these scenes examples of hopelessness, individualism, novice self- interest, lenience, hope, love, plain will, consanguinitys, sin, and images of God were seen throughout them.In scene 2 This is my Luck an example of compassion is when clemency is getting ready to will blood to those who argon in dire need. Bruce responds that he isnt giving blood because he hates needles and because they stock up on the blood, an example of self-interest. When Grace says impregnable bye to him, the only thing Bruce can say is that he is going to need a miracle to get to work at time. Once again, Grace is displaying compassion and love towards Bruce but Bruce is too worried about himself and work to even acknowledge Graces actions, masking abandonment in a relationship with Grace. On Bruces way to work, there is a severe accident and an ambulance is seen carrying someone but Bruces remark is Come on, not during Sweeps Week, showing severe individualism. After the meeting, Bruce approaches his boss and asks about the anchor position, the boss denies knowing any information but Bruce insists. He believes Evan is going to get the position so he says that he should be more like Evan because Evan is an ass-hole. Bruce proves that he can be just like Evan by flipping over the bosss bologna sandwich but Bruce instantly picks it up because he wants the boss to think highly of him, this action of helping someone in order to benefit you, is enlightened self-interest. After picking up the sandwich, the boss gives Bruce a live show and instead of saying thank you, Bruces reply is I wont forget you when I go nationalMore examples can be seen when Grace is at her job, caring an... ...es to call Grace again, not knowing that she is on her way, and Susan comes into the room. She engages in some small talk and then kisses Bruce, Bruce looks over Susans shoulder and sees Grace, she storms away and Bruce chases after her. Grace sarcastically says that everyone else wants to catch children with the man that they have loved for 6 years but not her, she just wants a lot of stuff and maybe that would make her happy, and then drives away, this is a display of Grace removing herself from a relationship with Bruce. Bruce dejectedly walks inside and sets off the sprinklers so everyone leaves. When it is just him and God, Bruce asks how He makes so many people love Him without fooling around with free will, instead of answering the question, God indirectly asks him the same question and says that hope fixes relationships.These are just some of the numerous examples of hopelessness, individualism, enlightened self- interest, compassion, hope, love, free will, relationships, sin, and images of God that are seen consistently throughout the movie. Although a comedy, Bruce Almighty is a movie with a plot of Gods omnipotence painted in bold colors.

Comparing Minorities as Portrayed in My Name is Asher Lev, Joy Luck Club, and Black Like Me :: comparison compare contrast essays

Minorities in America as Portrayed in My attain is Asher Lev, Joy Luck Club, and Black equivalent Me Conflicting values are a constant issue in society. In diverse civilizations minorities become bring out ruled by the majority. In Twentieth ascorbic acid American culture there are many difficulties in existing as a minority. The books My plant is Asher Lev, by Chaim Potok, and the Joy Luck Club, by Amy Tan, portray the aspect of being torn between two cultures as a conflict for todays minorities. Black Like Me, by John Howard Griffin, examines the hardships for a minority by progressively revealing them. The events of the three authors lives reflect how they portray the common theme of the difficulties for a Twentieth Century minority. My Name is Asher Lev demonstrates that the aspect of the protagonist being torn between two cultures is a difficulty for minorities in America. Asher Lev was torn between being an artist and his Jewish community. In the novel, Potok describes in detail the feelings, dilemmas and questions minorities bump into while trying to obey their traditions and their passions at the same time (Chaim). The main character, Asher Lev, chooses to be an artist and winds up having to expose himself from his life history. He explains, I am a traitor, an apostate, a self-hater, an inflicter of shame upon my family, my friends, my people also I am a mocker of ideas sacred to Christians (Potok 1). By choosing the life of an artist, Asher faces a life of continuous pain due to betrayal to his family. The protagonists painting of the Brooklyn Crucifixion raises disturbing questions about anti-Semitism, conflict between Christians and Jews, and the tension between delicate conventions and religious imperatives (My Name is Asher Lev 2877). It contradicted everything his family had raised him to believe in. He never fits into society since he defies his people and mocks the majority in this painting. Asher describes how his double culture life is doomed. Asher Lev . . . was the electric razor of the Master of the Universe and the Other Side. Asher Lev paints good pictures and hurts people he loves (Potok 348). Asher moves from the religious to the secular world in the course of the novel. This is because Potoks novels assume the impossibility of existing in both the religious and secular spheres (Potok, Chaim 339).

Different Modes in Intelligence Surveillance in the United States Essay

DIFFERENT MODES IN INTELLIGENCE SURVEILLANCE IN THE UNITED STATESInformation operations conducted in the enemys backyard will assist in achieving specific strategic and tactical objectives. The flexibility to change any perspective provides commanders with a deeper insight into the dynamics of target appreciation. Having the power to understand a target system provides commanders with the analytical tools to decipher diverse categories of complex oversight. The end result of the different modes of intelligence surveillance could lead to a variety of improved protocol, or a resolution to a problem.Communication is the division of technology that pertains to the data or information operations of transferring, interpreting, and processing by automatic means or humans. The source can be mediums such as people, places, animals, and equipment. To avoid confusion, the end entities would agree on the regularity of transportation of the data. Communication Intelligence is the process of inte rcepting data from domestic and foreign locations worldwide. The interceptions are accomplished through technical means such as wiretapping, net intrusion, contacting government agencies, online databases, surveys, interviews, reverse engineering, and observation. Due to the rapid growth in technology, electronics take on more non-traditional sizes and shapes. Electronics are objects that are made from any type of clobber other than radioactive sources or nuclear detonations emanated ...

Metamorphosis in Sweetheart of the Song Tra Bong :: Things They Carried Essays

Metamorphosis in Sweetheart of the pains Tra Bong The story of the Sweetheart of the Song Tra Bong is no typical Vietnam war story. It is a story that involves no bloods, guts or glory. This story isnt so much about the physical detriment caused by war as much as this story is about the emotional changes that effect not only the males. This is a story that with its elaboration and decoration shows the destruction of innocence. This story is about an impossible that came true. The story in its simplest form involves two main characters and the storyteller, Rat Kiley, a well- cognize truth stretcher. The main heap that your interest in this story is concerned with are recognise Fossie, a solider with the team of medics that Rat was with, and his girlfriend Mary Anne Belle, a young woman of scarcely 17 years of age. Mark Fossie and Mary Anne Belle were childhood sweethearts nearly betrothed at birth. While in Nam, Mark came up with a master contrive to fly Mary Anne over to Vie tnam to be with him. As men joked one evening about how easy it could be to sneak someone over Mark heard and took this as no joke. He was going to try it He spent almost all of his money to get her over but it pay off,they were reunited. The picture of a happy couple they spent most of their time together adn for a while things seemed very normal to them. All they had ever known was beingness a them and when they were together things just seemed to be right. How blindly we see things when we are surrounded by the arms of the one we love. She was young and curious and being the only women there she was very flirtatious. Mary Anne was a bright girl and she wanted to learn all that she could about the war and the land. Her new found place becae to find as much as she could about the culture while she was in it. She often went for nature walks and began to learn the Vietnamese language/culture . blush her personality began to change. But eventually she began to learn about guns an d war. She started to spend her free time cleaning and shooting. This began the downward trail to her becoming a camo corroding jungle woman.

Cry The Beloved Country and Apartheid Essay -- Cry the Beloved Country

The novel Cry the Beloved Country was a prophecy for the future of sulfur Africa. It alludes to and sometimes change surface blatantly states the conditions necessary for the end of apartheid and the beginning of peace. South Africa in the 1940s was in trouble. Kumalo, a priest, was able to see through with(predicate) the prejudices of the world and assess the situation. When inconvenient to relate Kumalo in the investigation, the depth of South Africas disparity was illustrated directly through the stories of horrifying happenings in characters conversations. Finally, we see that Msimangu was Patons voice in the novel. When certain conditions were met Msimangu and Paton theorized that peace would finally be plausible in South Africa. As the reader begins to observe the problems, so to will they begin to realize the solutions, and such is the goal of this prophetic novel.   Kumalos constant questing helped to fall in the conditions that plagued South Africa. His particular naivete and trust in mankind was shattered as he was robbed upon first arriving in Johannesburg. We also see that, because of his strong trueness to being a priest, he was not afraid to dig deep and talk wad into going in directions they didnt want to go. When he was talking to his sidekick when he first met him in Johannesburg, he continued to reproach him about the customs of Johannesburg, which consequently were revealed neatly. For instance, after asking a few questions, Kumalo requested to have a go at it how Johannesburg could be so radically different that its existence should nullify all the customs of their people. Johns response laid out the freedom and slavery being presented by the white man. On one hand, the people of Ndotsheni are nobody, but when mov... ...eriences of Johannesburg, with a few exceptions. These are the ones who break the customs because they do not call up in them The man who helped Msimangu and Kumalo when they were walking without a bus, Jarvi s and his about face, and the young boy who talked so interestedly with Kumalo. These exceptions are highlighted by Msimangus words and represent the hope of South Africa.   South Africas fate under the hammer of segregation was uncertain as of the writing of Cry the Beloved Country, and yet Alon Paton was still sure change would come. Kumalo witnessed the disparity of the people and objectively presented these facts to the reader. Stories present in conversation brought up directly issues that would otherwise be difficult to come about in normal conversation. Paton expressed his views and solutions to the problems through the character Msimangu.

I Wanna Be Special: Plath and Nazi Germany

Sylvia Plath is a poet who writes in a confessional style. Her poetry shows her strong opinions towards patriarchy. By examining her works and researching her past, one can see that the 2 prominent male figures in her past are her father and Ted Hughes, her husband. In her poetry Plath uses Nazi Germany as a metaphor for the tyrannic system of patriarchy women live under, while she portrays the victim as Jews. Two examples of verse forms where this appears are Lady Lazarus and Daddy. Because the Holocaust is much(prenominal) a sensitive subject, there are two schools of thought to Plaths metaphor. One belief is that she belittles the Holocaust. The other belief is that a metaphor is simply a metaphor. Obviously, Plath has no first off hand experience if she uses the metaphor so trivially. in that respect are aspects of Plaths works that people may find hard to understand if they dont know most her history. To understand Plaths poetry, one has to understand Plath. Sylvia Plath writes confessional poetry. Because she writes in this confessional style, those who study her work must become familiar with her past. Confessional poetry is when poets write about their own experiences thoughts, feelings, and experiences become the keister of the poetry. Thus the poems become an expression of poets innermost person. Unlike other forms of poetry, confessional takes its material directly from the life of the poet. The tone of Plaths poetry is decidedly depressing. During her life, Plath became suicidal. As a child, she to the highest degree drowned, and subsequently attempted to kill herself before actually succeeding.These experiences become strong influences on Plaths poetry. Anne sexton was another confessional poet. She met Plath at a poetry workshop and the two became good friends. When writing poems, one would call the other to get input and suggestions, or just to talk about the happenings in their lives. However, there remains a main difference between Plaths poetry and Sextons poetry Anne Sexton was not originally a writer, but a housewife. When the stresses became too much for her, she went to therapy. During one of her sessions, her psychiatrist suggested that she begin writing poetry to help her get at the root of her problems.The largest problem that Plath had was with the institution of patriarchy that surrounded her. In her poetry, she expresses her negative emotions towards patriarchy. Plath was a daughter, wife, and make finished her life. These titles also came with roles that were dictated to her by the patriarchal structure. Because she was forced into all of these roles, and expected to fulfil them all, Plath resented those who forced her into these roles, and her displeasure becomes quite evident in her poetry. There are two major male figures in Plaths life father and husband. Her father, Otto Plath, originally lived in Grabow Poland and spoke German. He moved to the United States when he was 15, and later taught at Boston University (Modern Poetry, p. 1417).Yet he died while Plath was still quite young. His daughter, Silvia Plath, became precise resentful towards her father. This resentment is most strongly found in her poem Daddy. Plaths husband, Ted Hughes, was also a writer. However, he did not approve of the writing of his wife. He tried to discourage her from writing, to stay home and raise a family. Many today blame Hughes for the end of Plath, and believe that he is responsible for her committing suicide. Due to the experiences that she has with patriarchy, it is understandable that Plath carried resentments. These feelings were so strong that she employ Nazi Germany as a metaphor for patriarchy. However, this brought about many conflicts while some critics keep backed her use of the Holocaust imagery, others vehemently defended that she was in fact belittling what the Jewish people suffered through.In the poem Daddy, Plath openly attacks her father. Daddy, I have had to kill yo u. / You died before I had time (Daddy, 6-7). She verbally demonstrates her need to hurt and to kill him he is the symbol of patriarchy from her early life. Plath resents the fact that he died before she could remove him from his strong patriarchical role. This resentment grew until she began to see oppression everywhereI have always been scared of you, coveting your Luftwaffe, your gobbledygoo.And your neat moustacheAnd your Aryan eye, bright and blue (Daddy, 41-44).Plath associates her fathers German features to Nazi features. This particular comparison also strongly draws upon a militaristic image. As Luftwaffe means Air Force in German, she is quite obviously comparing patriarchy to military. The idea of someone with power over her terrifies Plath.Since patriarchy is seen as oppressive Nazi Germany, Plath sees herself as an oppressed Jew.A sort of walking miracle, my skinBright as a Nazi lampshade,My right footA paperweight,My reckon a featureless, fineJew linen (Lady Lazarus, 4-9)A few images from the Holocaust are drawn here. Plath places herself in a situation where she is the victim. She draws on the idea of how Jewish people were skinned for lampshades as how badly men treat women.Because of the metaphor she uses, Plaths poetry has sparked some serious debate. Many critics state that the use of Nazi Germany in that metaphor is very inappropriate. By using Nazi Germany as a metaphor for patriarchy, Plath accomplishes nothing, save to belittle the Holocaust. The Holocaust is the single worst event in the history of human civilization. Its uniqueness is what set it apart from other sad events in our history. Yet some argue that if it is inappropriate to use Nazi Germany as a metaphor, then other events, such as slavery could be excluded as well. Slavery of blacks is another tragic event that can be used as a metaphor. However, it is this writers opinion that there is too great a difference between the slavery of blacks and the Holocaust. If one looks at statistics for the death of slaves and match it to statistics for the death of Jewish people, one will see that the numbers are relatively similar.The difference lies in the fact that the slave totals come from many years, while Jewish total are only from five years. While slavery was still common, it was possible for a slave to escape relative harm He (or she) could watch over all the rules and be treated as well as other livestock. During the Holocaust there were no rules for Jewish people to follow. There was no such thing as a good Jew, and they were all treated worse than animals. Given the evidence of Plaths poetry, it is quite evident that she did not fully understand the atrocities of the Holocaust. Her knowledge only extended to that which most people already knew. And therefore she was not fully informed of the subject of which she trivialized.However, other critics defend Plaths use of the metaphor by reinforcing that fact that it is simply a metaphor, and is doing w hat it should. It is a common argument that sometimes a metaphor is simply a metaphor. The purpose of a metaphor is to compare two completely unrelated ideas, to shock the audience into looking at the intended subject in a new light. Rose, a critic of Plath, says that she uses the black imagery of comparing the Holocaust to patriarchy to entice strong reactions from the reader, and if one dismissed her comparison, then one can be expected to dismiss the very idea of a metaphor. To dictate what ideas can and cant be used in metaphor negates all metaphors.The Holocaust is not alone in the history of tragic events. If one argues that the Holocaust was horrible, one should also accept that there are other horrific occurrences. Mass slaughters are not an uncommon part of superannuated history. During the time of Nero Caesar, Christians who would not bow down to the likeness of the Caesar were thrown into lion pits to be killed. African slaves, who did not obey every order of their mast ers, were beaten. European explorers who first explored the Americas, killed countless natives, and brought more over seas to become slaves. If one wishes to look at statistics, the number of people killed in the Holocaust, is almost the same as the number of women killed through patriarchal society.Sylvia Plath was a poet who wrote her poems for others to read. Her metaphor of comparing patriarchy to Nazi Germany is used to shock audiences into seeing the severity of oppression that women face. However, to achieve this shock, she lessens the impact of the Holocaust. Many defend that Plath is simply using a metaphor the way it should be used. In this writers opinion, because Plath used the Holocaust just to shock readers, is why she is belittling it. If she wrote the way Anne Sexton did before being published that is, for personal reasons this writer would not have a problem. As it is, the comparison was written for all to see. By being so public in her trivialization of that happ ened to the Jewish people, Plaths only accomplishment is to embarrass herself with writing that isnt poor, but shows a decided lack of judgement.

Porphyria’s Lover Analysis

Porphyrias Loer by Robert browning An Analysis The finest woks of browning endeavor to apologize the mechanics of human psychology. The motions of have intercourse, hate, passion, instinct, effect, desire, poverty, violence, and sex and sensuousness ar raised from the dead in his poetry with a striking virility and some are even introduced with a remarkable brilliance. Thanks to the qualifyings wrought by the Industrial Revolution, so many people living in such close quarters, poverty, violence, and sex became part of common life.The absence of family and community ties meant newfound personal independence it too meant the loss of a social safety net. The mid-nineteenth century besides saw the rapid result of newspapers, which functi sensationd not as the current-events journals of to sidereal day that as scandal sheets, form with stories of violence and carnality essay writer program. Hurrying pedestrians, bustling shops, and brand-new goods filled the streets, and in dividuals had to take in millions of separate perceptions a minute.The resulting over stimulation led, according to many theorists, to a sort of numbness. Notably many writers now felt that in order to provoke an perceptional re attain they had to compete with the turmoils and excitements of everyday life had to shock their audience in ever more novel and sensational ways. and so violence also became a sort of aesthetic choice for many creative people. toasting can be charged of also employing violence as a tool for evoking aesthetic brilliance but this is that at the superficial level.Because when it comes to the use of violence in his poems we find them as close to human worlds as reality itself. His poems show us the human passions in flesh and blood and he was not going to be one who denied the presence of violence as a blind drunk human passion or one who presented it as something stunned of proportion just to create sensation. His incorporation of violence with other(a ) human passions was real just and fully understandable. Many of Brownings more disturbing poems, including Porphyrias Lover and My Last Duchess, reflect this notion.In his poem Porphyrias Lover we find Browning at his best. The poem is a love poem but has a lot more to offer than just the bright sunny side of love. For Browning love was a passion, which had its destructive side as well. moreover this did not in anyway lessen or tarnish its reputation as being the purest emotion. In fact the destruction that more or lessly love brought on the characters of Brownings poems was mostly due to other reasons wish well violence, may be.Porphyrias Lover also demonstrates several of Robert Brownings defining characteristics as a poet. It contains his criticism towards the beliefs and practices of self-restraint and his traditional use of dramatic monologue to expose a single characters personality, which in hug drug often provides an additional depth to his works in coordination with hi s use of unpoetic language. Also taking into account the authors own personal experiences with his wife, the poem can also be perceived as a representation of the development of their relationship.Brownings criticism of the idea of self-restraint is evident throughout the poem Porphyrias Lover as it was shown in the ingrained debates both characters underwent as they decided whether or not they should consummate the love between them. In Robert Brownings dramatic monologue, Porphyrias Lover, the love-stricken frustrations of a nameless speaker system end in a passionate, annihilating response to societys scrutiny towards human unspirituality.Cleverly juxtaposing Porphyrias innocent femininity and her sexual transgression, Browning succeeds in disp assigning societys contradictory embrace of morality succeeding(prenominal) to its rejection of sensual pleasure. In an ironicall(a)y tranquil domestic place, warm comfort and affection come to reveal importunate emotional perversion s within confining social structures. The speakers ferocious display of passion ends not with external condemnation, but with the matter-of-fact sense of a duty fulfilled.Porphyrias fan sits next to his murdered love without any tough aftermath or consequence from the storytellers view target, a perception wholly distorted by the forced internalization of his jots for Porphyria, not even the ultimate hand of beau ideal can rob him the serenity of a importee free from judgment. Porphyrias Lover is his first dramatic monologue in which we are witness to the summation of 2 sports fans. This uniting, as the poem reaches its end, culminates in to a unique eternal nirvana.Brownings presentation of an punic narrator is necessarily so, for in the ironically ordinary setting of dainty simplicity, the speakers insanity is justified and accounted for. With traditional notions of geniuss wrath and perfections omnipotence framing the start and finish of the scene, Browning employs the narrations natural poetic flow in order to climb the blow of the unexpectedly unorthodox turn of events. The speakers great passion comes to parallel that of God, nature, and ultimately, social expectations, thus embodying the force of the sullen wind (Line 2) itself.Moreover the very beginning of the poem shows a setting where the nature is presented in wrath and fury- violence marks its presence from the very infringement. This is in fact a sign of forces other than love at work. As the young goddess is shown gliding across to meet her lover, the forces of nature rage around. They represent the various odds going against the both lovers. The use of nature as an opposing force by the master poet is a brilliant technique. The reason being only nature in its enormity would have been potent enough to match the magnanimous stature of love.And Browning did want to convey this message across that despite its pure magnanimity love was overshadowed and forced to change its directi on because of other forces. And the consequences of such changes though ending up in the final victory of love did cast rather inconvenienceful shadows. The first post of the poem, The rain set early in tonight, is indicative of the fact that in that location was something that was not right. Something that was unusual. Something that was just not be act onting the sacredness of the encounter of the two lovers.The very intelligence early provides that desired effect and the reader at once realizes the inevitability of fate. The parole also signifies that there was a certain degree of expectation and believe that the rain would set in late at some other expected time. The feeling of hope that things might have worked the way love wanted them to In the next pass the use of sullen is actually the word that cements the fact that there are opposing forces working against love. Moreover the sheer strength that the force of wind represents shows the odds that the passion of love is up against.Even though the reader has no idea what the poem is going to bring but the point of reference of the force of wind is enough to make us realize that there is s tension from the very outset. The consentaneous feeling is further substantiated by the word vex in the third stemma. More over water symbolizes femininity and the line, and did its worst to vex the lake shows that Porphyria was made to face the worst possible odds. Just like the wind tore across the elm tops and tried its utmost to disturb the waters so did the forces of fate tried their best to stop her from meeting her lover.Browning grants certain credibility to the narrowness of the speakers viewpoint in that it displays the most extreme result of lifelong subservience to the worlds own confining expectations. Introducing natures unpredictability at the onset of the poem, Browning suggests the detrimental effect of an foreign force and foreshadows the speakers equally spiteful gesture It tore the elm-t ops grim for spite, / And did its worst to vex the lake / I listened with heart fit to break (3-5).Here the speaker muses about his apparent powerlessness to weathers force, the symbolic obstacle of the outside world that keeps Porphyria away. The next line is the point where very cleverly the poet manages to change the focus of attention of the reader to the lover without losing any of the effect that the imagery and settings has created so far I listened with heart fit to break. This line is indicative of some other thing and that is that the lover was waiting desperately and has reached a certain degree of impatience when his beloved enters the sordid cottage.The room where the lover is waiting also signifies a certain level of pathos that is underlying throughout the poem. The next few lines are simply drenched in love and tenderness that the lover has for Porphyria in these pathos-ridden surroundings. First the use of the word straight shows the level of devotion the two lov ers have. It shows how keenly and decisively the poet was waiting for her that he noticed every single detail- as how she came in straight to him and how dearly Porphyria wanted to meet him. The next line is simply fantastic in its construction as it shows the love between the two in its totality. She shut the cold out and the set upon, The poet does not use the word of entrance anywhere though it is understood that she must have shut the door when she came in. But does this imply that before she came the doors were open. I would not agree to that but rather it signifies the fact that the sheer presence of Porphyria had barged out the cold, dreariness and the drive the storm here carries dual meaning of one that was raging outside and the other one that was the barrage of questions twisting and swirling in the mind of the lover.Thus her arrival had brought to peace the storm outside and the storm inside or to put it in more appropriate terms the lover no longer cared for the sto rm outside as the storm inside him had been pacified by her person. Further as the poem proceeds we realize more of the purity in the love of the two characters. Porphyria kneels down and all the grim shadows of uncertainty and confusion fade away her sheer presence had provided the lover with all the warmth he needed to bring him back to life. The line is suggestive of a motherly feeling especially as well the word warm marks the motherly essence in the love.The motherly feeling here is presented in the broader sense of the word, as one of selfless love. Further more the use of this word also amplifies the fact that her motherly tenderness for her lover had endowed upon the dreary cottage a home like aura. Browning is a master of senses. At his best he is like a panther who uses simple actions, simple images, and everyday feelings to represent vaulting passions and towering emotions. In the next lines that follow, we find the poet using simple images of Porphyria to display her se nsuous facet or to be more exact her feminine element Which done, she rose, and from her formThese lines present a beautiful scene of a young maiden getting up. like a shot the impression one gets from these lines are those of a young girl standing up with her slender mannikin, her chiseled limbs, and her proud manner in which she carries herself. All the actions that follow are multifarious in their implications. For one they show a young girl going through motions that are indeed a compliment to her physique Withdrew the dripping cloak and shawl, A young girl taking off her cloak and shawl would be going through the motions that would amplify her beauty in a very sensuous manner.Moreover they also show that the girl is absolutely at ease with her beloved meaning there by that she felt thoroughgoing(a)ly at home. Furthermore the way in which she takes off her gloves and then her hat all show that she meant to spend some time and was not in a belt and that she felt comfortable w ith her lover. And then finally after done with all that she sat by his side. Thus Brownings genius is evident here, as he has used simple actions to highlight two different facets that fully substantiate the feeling of love between the two characters- one of sensuousness and the other of combine and purity.Love is a strange emotion. In fact it is one of the most puzzling emotions ever. And yet it is the simplest. Considered in its entirety it is an insatiable desire for satiation, an ever increasing appetite for more and yet it gives you that little joy that is suffice enough to keep you going for a life time, it fills you with that unique pleasure which though lasts for a moment but leaves you with an ecstasy, so full and complete. And, last, she sat down by my side These lines are followed by remarkable lines that exude the aura of such passionate and painful love.From the moment she sat by his side we find a strange tinge of sensuousness amalgamate itself with the tone of lov e so dominating in the solely poem. Porphyria sat beside her lover just like a child snuggles beside his mother. She could feel the same calm and repose that a child feels at the side of his mother. But from here starts the strange union of sense with feelings, of adoration with desires as she reaches out to her lover and finds him not responding to her, she at once realizes that he was going through the motions of that emotion which a child encounters when after getting noticed by his mother he wants to be pampered. She put my arm about her waist, And made her silver livid lift bare, Paradoxically, the warmth of Porphyrias love appears to the narrator to be so temporary that it incites his own predominant passion. Innocently seeking to comfort her afflicted lover, Porphyria forces him to embrace her and makes her smooth white shoulder bare (17). Abruptly, Brownings scene of chilling weather interrupted by warm companionship becomes a picture of overt sexual human face amidst t he cottages roaring fire.The initial presentation of traditional domesticity, a comforting shelter from a raging storm, turns quickly now to unstoppable, passionate pace. These lines that follow are of one of the most critical nature as they are hinging on the two extremes of love and physicality. A little turn towards either could make a complete mess of the scene, a total collapse of the expression, and a break in the rhythm. But this juncture shows us Browning in his full splendor. This is the point that distinguishes him.Like a seasoned doctor he carries out the dissection of the emotions, bringing forth the two elements of love and physicality in complete balance and striking fusion. Porphyrias action of putting her arms around his waist is indicative of the trust she had on him. But then the very next line is masterfully interwoven in this aura and presents a picture of conditioned yet subtle lure. She bares her shoulder before her lover. Now the use of a bare shoulder is one of the most intelligent symbols to represent sensuousness as a bare shoulder has a very unique descriptor.It is smooth and white, and moreover it has a curving shape with low-key flesh around it. Now such a physical image is enticing because it incorporates in itself strong feminine quality as the curves and soft smooth flesh speak of the untold story about the girl Illicit sex out of wedlock presented a major concern for Victorian society the famous Victorian prudery constituted only a backlash to what was in fact a popular obsession with the theme the newspapers of the day reveled in stories about prostitutes and unwed mothers.Here, however, in Porphyrias Lover, sex appears as something natural, acceptable, almost wholesome Porphyrias girlishness and affection take prominence over any hints of immorality. The odyssey continues in this bring down of strong passion of love and we find the lines heightening in the physical imagery showing love in its full splendor. Porphyria made her lover lay his cheek on her bare shoulders and let her hair fall loosely around This whole image speaks volumes about the balance in the motions of love that the two lovers had. To add the final touches to this fine picture of perfect love Porphyria softly re-confesses her love for the young man. Here brilliantly the poet explains the feelings of the young lady as she verbalised her love for her lover by using the word murmuring, Browning is hinting to the eventual femininity that underlines her heightened feelings. She is after all a girl whose vaulting passions are tamed down by her femininity.The poet speaks out the lovers mind here as well, saying that he perceived this softness in confession to be the cooing down of her feminine self in the face of opposition from pride, and vainer ties, instead of giving herself to him in the powerful flow of her emotions. But this at no point suggests that the lover had any grievance or doubt on her love for him. Thus these lines points out the basic feminine psyche, that a girl is basically weak when it comes to veneer the world but this in no way suggests that her passions are not strong enough.And moreover they also hint at the Victorian societys respect for hollow ideals like pride. Brownings poem cannot be seen merely as a character analysis of a nameless speaker its events put not only the speakers apparent insanity but the primary source of his distorted emotions. The narrators own struggling passion (23) impedes his ability to think and act in a way that society views appropriate yet, paradoxically, it is societys limited notion of what is appropriate that kindles the ultimately fatal fire of his passionate endeavor.The next few lines are splendid example of Brownings genius as the lover answers his own views about the femininity of her beloved, prevailing over her passion with the realization that her passion had prevailed at least that night as she came gliding through the rain and thunder with in and wi thout to her lover. The whole notion of his beloved coming to him despite the unfavorable odds makes him feel proud of her and the way Browning conveys this notion also reminds the reader of the typical male psyche Happy and proud at last I knew Porphyria worshiped me. The lover feels a strange sense of relief as if he has regained a sense of surety that he stills possess his possession so often typical of the male psyche. Now we enter the point of debate where the love of the lover is rattled by the conflict that starts to grow in his heart. This line of Browning is so violent as it is filled with all the conflict, anguish, fear, disturbance, which one can imagine That moment she was mine, mine, fair, Perfectly pure and good The line is filled with a strange amalgam of relief, achievement, anguish, and fear.The first two words that moment have been very dexterously placed and they fulcrumize the two extremes of anguish and relief as if something that is there and one feels so rela xed and then the very next moment the heart is gripped by the fear that will it be there the next moment. So combat it out in the middle the lover finally resolves to eternalize that moment when she is there with him. Further more importantly, When glided in Porphyria (60), the narrators weakened heart has already been mortified many times if not once, both by social restrictions on his love ffair, and the subsequent limitations on Porphyrias love for him. Therefore, the speakers distance from the world outside becomes also an inability to respond to Porphyria upon her entrance he sits in the cottage wanting only her love, without need of explanation, so that when he is spoken to, no voice replied (15). Soon, Porphyrias dedicate of comforting warmth within the storm exacerbates his obsession to the point of insanity-driven violence. This is a very revealing portray. The violent love shines out in its total brilliance.He takes a string of her hair and winds it around his beloveds neck three times the line is so blatantly clear he is going to turn thumbs down her he is going to kill the one thing he would be willing to die for Three times her little throat around, And strangled her. The over mounting horror has been cleverly dealt with the next line in which the lover reveals his conviction of his belief that she felt no pain. First he says, No pain felt she And then as if to substantiate his view he adds I am quite sure she felt no pain. This line perhaps encompasses the whole love of the lover. is belief that what he desires would be the same thing desired by his beloved. Somehow the line acts as a balm to the trying event maybe. much(prenominal) is the intensity his conviction that may be the reader is even drawn to the belief that this is the right to thing to do. Or maybe this line in a way sanctifies the whole act. His strong faith in his conviction exudes a feeling of satisfaction and consummation as well on the part of the lover. But seen in ano ther light the speakers lust for precedence over other forces in Porphyrias life evidently leads to her fatal end.His ecstasy at her new, momentary devotion leaves him at the gate of attaining his dream, but without any sense of trajectory Porphyria worshipped me surprise / Made my heart swell, and still it grew / While I debated what to do (33-35). On the instantaneous realization of Porphyrias love, the speakers requited passion and rational mind still stand separate to some extent. However, it is not long before his alter desire to keep her Perfectly pure and good (37) lead him to find A thing to do (38).The narrators being situated above social law, if but only once, proves to be so stunningly empowering that he loses rational ability to decipher anything but a self-centered whim. The complacency of Brownings speaker in carrying out his murderous deed ironically reflects the complacency of society towards the sexual, aesthetic, and sensual pleasures of life. Exhibiting no defin ite regret beyond the weariness of having taken what was the only available path, the speaker points to the painlessness of his lovers necessary death No pain felt she / I am quite sure she felt no pain (41-42).However, Brownings presenting the reader with an unreliable narrator serves only to intensify the psychological effects of his unrequited love, and says nothing for the supposed convictions and yearnings of Porphyria. While Porphyria finds her way to the speaker through the symbolically oppressive weather of the outside world, the speaker kills her upon realizing not only societys restrictions on their relationship, and maybe also his belief of Porphyrias own unwillingness to love him fully but for the present moment.Browning presents the justifiability of the murder only through the stricken eyes of the narrator while the poet points to social confines as the cause of the speakers insanity, he does not discount the narrators moral responsibility for the deed. The next action s that follow this act also amplify these notions. He opened the lids of her eyes and saw them as laugh as freshly and sweetly as they were before. Such was the intensity of his love for her that he could not see any change that the violent blow of death had brought on her, but does this at nay stage justify the murder.Calmly he untied the firm hold of her tresses around her neck and passionately kissed her on her cheek. It is evident that the social barriers had made his love hinge on madness. For him that moment is forever when Porphyria was his own. But under all these charges of insanity, the intensity of his love is undeniable as he propped his darlings head on his shoulder and as they sat in that calm he realizes that may be this was what Porphyria wanted too and so both had the love they wanted such was the union that not even the heavens had not said a word. Thus in freezing the oment and liberating the two of them from social structures, Browning distorts the deed to a poin t where it appears to be a divine event foreseen even by God. In toying with Porphyrias dead body, the narrator relates not the coldness of sudden death, nor the warmth of sitting with his love, but the blazing, untouchable serenity of enacted passion her cheek once more / Blushed bright beneath my burning kiss (49). In the moment of Porphyrias death, the existence of her heat up love for the speaker appears to him to be so infallible that God cannot even intervene All night long we have not stirred, / And yet God has not said a word (59-60). Browning presents the viewpoint of a speaker educated in the divine workings of an ultimate force, yet the long-stifled yearnings of an unjustly socialized man color the intensity of the situation. In Brownings dramatic monologue, Gods hand of judgment shifts away from the murderer himself and onto the culture that first inhibited the speakers rational thought. Brownings personation of a nameless speaker in Porphyrias Lover forms an unexpecte dly conclusive response towards the sensual numbness of Victorian society.While the suggested insanity of the speaker would traditionally demo the narrators unreliability in a moral sense, Browning constructs the isolated scene such that the lovers emotional internalization is not only understandable, but divinely justified. The musings and actions of this unreliable narrator serve to illustrate the consequence of societys confines in a shockingly violent release. Through naturally flowing language, this poetic account of burning emotion within a setting of tranquil domesticity presents the all-consuming power of human sensuality in its bleakest attempt to override social structures.

First Cars PLC Plan

It is clearly display that for the p rapports it is going in the correct direction. With the foodstuff expected to grow in hurt of market volume, mutinously year on year reaching its final point 1 summation above the baa SE year in 2014 and showing the same tr lay off stock-still with a greater increase for the market v alee, expecting to grow by around 300% over the period shown.This entropy clearly backs up the e idea of the proposal as it is suggesting that they ar entering a market that is showing the at it should be thriving in the forthcoming years and therefore suggesting that they should g o into the new market earlier rather than later because as the car club market increases deal the data suggested so will the competition that is in the market, therefore making it ha deer for them to enter the market the later they wait.Secondly if they do decide to go ahead with the proposal, the data suggests the at the company is likely to become more professional in the govern ment agency it operates as they move into a prestigious might in London this will come with a more decentralized organizational struck true. What this performer for the company is the fact that the decision making care for is spread out to include the more junior managers in the hierarchy, making the decisions made close r to the customer and therefore should hopefully mean that the end service is going to be close to what those who are going to consume it want.It is also a good way of training junior man earnest into how the decision making wreak works and allows them to be making decisions in the company from very early on, therefore increasing the responsibility they expect in the such cues, this will also improve the motivation that they have for their job and decrease the decide Soon making time.Further to this it will have a capacious positive effect on the staff turnover of the business as shown in Appendix C from Human Resources, this table shows that labor turnover i s restarted to illuminate to 5% from 30%, this could be due to the new structure Of the e business, allowing everyone a part in the fundamental decision making process that represent sees them every day or the fact that with better working conditions such as a large office in Lo Indo and a higher allowance they are bound to be happier in their work. Further to this the 10 w labor turnover will hopefully reduce the training costs that they are pumping into the e new strategy.As they have a huge budget for training you assume that this will mean that e employees should feel more motivated as they see the effort the company is putting in to et them highly trained in their job, this should mean that the high cost of training will very m such be a one off cost to the business as this alongside the low labor turnover means that the y should be in a position where they arent training new recruits regularly, only if the case arise sees that they have to expand or when they decide they ar e doing well nice in the market to d o so.Further to the sways above the AIR of the investment into the car club p rapports is forecasted to be 15. 6%, this figure passes the expectation of the Directors who o said they anted it to be at 12%, this means that they are going to achieve the original investment of E Million quicker that what is expected however there could always be the chant CE for error in the forecasted figures. Other arguments for the proposal would be the fact the at the cost of traveling is predicted to increase by 20% over the next 4 years as price of peter 01, car tax and insurance is growing more and more over time.Also as said in the date an Inc erase in the emphasis of reducing our carbon footprint has led to people questioning thee r decision to own a car, and this will be further contemplated as car clubs become ever more pop alular, therefore paving the way for car clubs to come into the market. Finally the car club Indus story has a proven track record and therefore instead Of it being a groundless option for the co many what it in fact is doing is differentiating testifiers a market that they are beginning to I SSE market share in.Arguments against My start argument against would be the fact that they are already running a s successful car rental business and as with any business wherefore would you change something if it is still bringing in a decent revenue, their USPS Of being a no thrills business that is always undo recruiting its imitators is always going to entreaty to the tourist that is looking for a simple e car hire for their time in the country.However the case study does then go onto say that they a re losing market share in a competitive market, therefore they need to change something. Ho waver maybe the idea of moving into a market that is not as widely well known could be devastate dating especially as First Cars PL has no previous dumbfound of the car club market, this could lead to a large amount of unwanted start up costs as they havent really got someone d riving the hear that IS likely to know exactly what is happening.Further to this the car club market is already occupied by a lone large company owning 60% of the market share m meaning that it is a monopoly as a will of this they are going to have to do something dramatic calla different to have any affect on the market they are moving into as without a strong USPS t here is no way they will have it off well against an already well established successful company that dominates the market market share.Secondly the previous question tells us that the website is likely to take 1 0 we seeks longer than what the critical path analysis says in Appendix B, because they dont think the t they can design and test the website in under 15 weeks this means that Amy has made a massive mistake and misjudged by 1 0 weeks, this will have a detrimental effect on the whole process and will put it back to last 27 weeks as opposed to the 23 weeks p reviously sees admitted, this also changes the critical path from BEG to CHI.As a result of this First Cars P LLC could experience a number of serious cash flow problems as instead of the comma nines website getting up and running and the first orders coming in, will still be in the pro diction process causing a further cost to the business creating no revenue.

EMT/Paramedic Essay

Peoples lives often depend on the quick reaction and competent plow of indispensableness checkup technicians (EMTs) and paramedics. EMTs and paramedics provide this vital service as they c ar for and transport the sick or injured to a medical checkup facility.In an emergency, EMTs and paramedics are typically dispatched by a 911 operator to the scene, where they often work with police and firefighters. while assessing the nature of the patients condition, they try to determine whether the patient has any pre-existing medical conditions. EMT workers work in a group such like one make sures the patient is okay while another drives and etc. At the medical facility, EMTs and paramedics help transfer patients to the emergency department, report their observations and actions to emergency department staff, and may provide additional emergency treatment.After each medical run, they have to inscription trip, replace used supplies, and check the equipment. EMTs and paramedics also provi de transportation for patients from one medical facility to another, particularly if they work for private ambulance services TrainingA high school diploma is usually required to enter an emergency medical technician information program Training is offered at progressive levels EMT-Basic, EMT-Intermediate, and Paramedic. At the EMT-Basic level, coursework emphasizes emergency skills, such as managing respiratory, trauma, and cardiac emergencies, and patient assessment. Graduates of approved EMT-Basic readying programs must pass a written and practical examination administered by the State licensing chest of drawers or the NREMT.He program provides instruction and practice in dealing with bleeding, fractures, airway obstruction, cardiac arrest, and emergency childbirth. Students learn how to use and maintain ballpark emergency equipment, such as backboards, suction devices, splints, oxygen delivery systems, and stretchers.At the EMT-Intermediate level, training requirements vary by State. The nationally defined levels, EMT-Intermediate 1985 and EMT-Intermediate 1999, typically require 30 to 350 hours of training based on scope of practice. Students learn advanced skills such the use of advanced airway devices, intravenous fluids, and some medications.The most advanced level of training for this occupation is Paramedic. caregiverreceives training in anatomy and physiology as well as advanced medical skills. Most commonly, the training is conducted in community colleges and practiced schools and may result in an associates degree. EmploymentMost career EMTs and paramedics work in metropolitan areas. Volunteer EMTs and paramedics are more common in small cities, towns, and rural areas. About 45 pct worked as employees of ambulance services. About 29 percent worked in local government. Another 20 percent worked in hospitals. Job OutlookEmployment of emergency medical technicians and paramedics is expected to commence 9 percent between 2008 and 2018 which is a verage. As a large member of the populationaging members of the baby boom generationbecomes more likely to have medical emergencies, demand will increase for EMTs and paramedics. employment of EMTs and paramedics is expected to grow by 33 percent from 2010 to 2020, much faster than the average for all occupations. EarningsEarnings of EMTs and Paramedics depend on the employment setting and geographic fixture of their jobs, as well as their training and experience. EMT average salary $31,061Paramedic average salary $38,902SchoolingA High School diploma and limit of a training program is required.Employment BenefitsChoice of wide variety of health plans with family coverage, as well as prescription, dental and eyecare benefits 3 weeks vacation to deject *(increases to 5 weeks after 8 years) Excellent pension benefits which include 5 year pension vesting & full pension benefits after 25 years of service, regardless of age Excellent promotional opportunitiesDeferred compensation/40 1K and flexible spending plans.

Challenges for Poverty Reduction in Malaysia Essay

One of the challenges for poverty reduction in Malaysia is migrant workers issue. The current development policies of Malaysia are influenced by globalisation and liberalization which leads to the implications on activities related to poverty. The decrease in employment opportunities affects the urban forgetful and migrant workers. The demand for skilled human resources in capital intensive activities are huge since Malaysia is restructuring its economy. An increase in the number of overseas employees has caused a bad effect towards the IOP in the post world repercussion of 2008. The contribution of overseas employees for local economy, remittance for their country origin, expected competition in the local labor market between local and migrant workers and the possible of massive amount of overseas labours contribute to major concerns about the issue.Ethnic issues would be the second challenge for poverty reduction in Malaysia due to the educational and achievements of Bumiputera students in major disciplines of the economy are lower than the non Bumiputera students. This led to an academic lacuna between the two sectors. Turmoil between ethnic groups would become worse if the policy makers refuse to create promising agreements. Therefore, the expected gap between poor and non poor will be widened. The Malays are dominant in the artless poverty which reminded the policy makers to figure out the national level concept of poverty. NEP 2010 poverty eradication is mainly focused on Malay rural population.The ternary challenge of poverty reduction in Malaysia is rural and urban poor with more than half of the family units are poor, rural and urban poor poverty extradite constantly been identified as a problem confined to rural. The effects of poverty are devastating among urban communities as most of the new poor family units are settled in urban areas. Innovative strategies and policies should be implemented with strong responsibility in programs planning a nd inner city development expenses allotment are required.

Male vs Female Crime Rates Essay

Statistics indicate that men ar more likely to commit evil than women. For example, in 2002 80% of known offenders (481,000+) were men. As at that place ar a number of problems with the reliability and validity of statistics, an alternative to in make believeation are self-report studies. These are unnamed and some believe because they all hardly guarantee anonymity they encour mount respondents to be more truthful than if they were involved in an interview. In the past, sociologists tended to pay perplexity to only males committing abominations and ignored sexual practice differences.This began to change in the 1970s when womens rightists such as Carol Smart looked into fair sex and shame and began to ask questions such as Why do woman commit fewer crimes than men? Why are woman more likely to commit to societal norms compared to men? Is there anything distinctive about a womans experience as an offenders and as victims of crime? Are woman treated differently than m en in the justice system? There is now an agreement deep down sociology that when studying crime and deviance we must take into account gender.This direction we must excessively ask questions about men. What is the relationship between crime and masculinity? Sex role theory this theory argues that boys and girls are socialized differently, therefore resulting in boys seemly more delinquent. There are different versions of this theory. Edwin Sutherland (1949) stated that there are clear gender differences when it comes to socialization. Firstly, girls are more supervised and more strictly controlled. Secondly, boys are encouraged to take risks and to be tough and aggressive. Therefore, boys have more of an opportunity and an inclination to commit crime.Talcott Parsons (1995) believes that there are clear and obvious gender roles within the nuclear family. The father performs roles which show him to be more of the leader and provider, whilst the mother performs the expressive role of giving emotional support and socializing children. These roles are grow from the birth of their children as mothers have to give birth and nurse children. Girls have a readily available female role model at ingleside (their mother) whereas boys have little access to their male role model as tralatitiously the father was out at work for most of the time.Boys will be socialized largely by their mother and will tend to reject behavior that is seen as feminine as they compulsively pursue masculinity. Because of the emphasis on toughness and aggression this encourages anti-social behavior and delinquency. Albert Cohen (1955) believed that if boys dont have that readily available role model, socialization buns be a difficult process. Boys can experience anxiety about their identity as a young man and a solution for this is all male peer groups or course gangs. In these social contexts, aspects of masculinity can be expressed and rewarded.The idea of being tough and breaking rules can help to conform to the idea of masculinity. The feminist perspectives on who is involved in crime starts from the view that society is patriarchal and woman can only be understood under male dominance. vomit up Carlen (1990) stated that a womans crimes can be known as the crimes of the low-powered as many woman who commit crimes are power little in some way. For example, they live in poverty with little power to change the situation as children they may have been badly treated and looked after, possibly being abused by fathers.As adults they have often lived under the dominance of male partners who asserted control perhaps in the form of violence. after interviews with 39 woman aged 15 to 46 convicted of various offences, Carlen drew on the control theory saying that woman turn to crime when the disadvantages outdo the advantages. It appeared that the interviewed women turned to crime as a rational choice. Low paid work and unemployment had not led to the standard of livi ng they hoped for, and living an unhappy flavour as children and as adults was very unfulfilling.Unrewarded by family and the workplace and with little power to change the situation, crime was a rational alternative. However, critics of Carlen claim that her sample of woman was too small to make generalized statements. Her research also suggests that conformity to social norms tends to break down when the rewards for doing so are absent. Conformity and control fit to Frances Heidensohn the striking thing about womans behaviour is their conformity to social norms.Taking in mind the control theory, women have more to fall behind than men if they deviate from social norms. And looking from a feminist view, she argues that in a male-dominated society the control of woman by men discourages deviance from norms. In the home and family, women still have the primary responsibility for raising children and taking on the domestic work. Their commitment to this also means they are committin g to the conformity of the traditional mother-housewife role and socializing their children in terms of societys norms and values.Women have been socialized to conform. Girls are more strictly supervised and given less freedom, they are expected to perform household duties. These expectations and control have been carried on into adult life. As adults, women are not only controlled by their childhood socialization but also by their male partners. Woman who challenge these traditional roles are often brought into line by mens financial and physical power. correspond to Heidensohn, wife battering is an assertion of patriarchal authority.Womens socialization, domestic responsibilities plus the control imposed on them by men discourage the deviance from social norms. Their lives are centered on the home so they have less freedom to go out. As a result they have less inclination, less time and fewer opportunities to commit crime. Beyond the home a womans freedom to deviate from social n orms is also limited in a number of ways for example, some women do not want to go out after dark as they are in fear of getting attacked or raped by men.A young womans fear of being attacked by a stranger is five times greater than a young males. They are also less likely to deviate from norms of respectability for fear of being labeled promiscuous. In a works environment men are more likely than women to be in control, in positions such as supervisory or managerial roles, and surveys indicate that versed harassment is common in the workplace and it is a further indication of male power and control which is often experienced as intimidating by women.Both inside and outside the home, there is pressure for woman to conform- and this is reinforced by male power. Crime and masculinities Research into gender over the last 25 years has mainly been concerned with woman and crime as it was seen as a new topic after decades of research into men and crime. Feminists would focus on woman an d men would enter the equation in terms of the control men had over woman. Researchers now recognize that there is another side to gender and crime and start to ask questions such asWhy are men more likely to commit crime than woman? And is there a relationship between male crime and masculinity? Gender identity is a vital part of the individuals sense of self it is something that muckle fulfill. People are continuously trying to express and present their masculinity or femininity. And in relation to crime, you can say men commit crime as a means of constructing this masculinity to express to others and themselves. There are a number of different masculinities which are shaped by social class, ethnicality, age and sexual orientation.Mens position in society provides them with different access to power and resources which leads to different constructions and expressions of masculinity and this leads to different types of crime. The most dominant form of masculinity is known as he gemonic masculinity. Its the most ideal form, which is defined through work in paid labour, the subordination of women, heterosexism and the uncontrollable sexuality of men. close to men wish to accomplish this. The alternative is subordinated masculinities.They include masculinities which develop in some ethnic minority and lower class groups and homosexual masculinity. Young middle class white males are usually able to demonstrate some of the characteristics of hegemonic masculinity through success at school or college. But this comes at a price subordination to teachers. Some assert their masculinity outside of school through vandalism, petty theft and heavy drinking. White working- class males are less likely to be successful in education.They sometimes resist school and construct their masculinity around physical aggression, anti-social behaviour, delinquency and some cases violence towards gays and members of ethnic minority groups. Lower working class men from ethnic minori ty groups with little expectation of educational success or secure employment sometimes assert their masculinity in street gangs. With little chance of accomplishing hegemonic masculinity by legitimate means, they are more likely to turn to robbery and dangerous property crime.Even middle class males who have the resources to accomplish hegemonic masculinity use crime to express masculinity. James Messerschmidt argues that white collar and corporate crime are not simply a means for profiting the individual or the organization. There are also a means of accomplishing hegemonic masculinity as a successful breadwinner and as an aggressive risk-taking male Working class crime in the workplace can also be seen as a means of accomplishing masculinity. Workers sometimes resist the authority of management by theft and industrial sabotage.Messerschmidt uses the example of African-Americans to illustrate a subordinated masculinity. Lower class African-Americans males often lack the resources to accomplish hegemonic masculinity. The pimp and hustler are long-established roles in African-American subculture and are often seen as an alternative to subordinated masculinity. The pimp looks after a number of prostitutes and lives of their earnings. With their expensive car, diamond rings and power over women, Messerschmidt argues that the pimp demonstrates a highly visible alternative masculinity to himself and others.

Describing of how Accessing a Aange of Services and Facilities can be Beneficial to an Individual’s Wellbeing

An various(prenominal)s well-being may hit in a number of ship canal through the accessing of range of service and facilities, these may include a benefit to their physical well-being, when they can easily and encouraged to access facilities such leisure centres to exercise. And sometimes this can mend their physical stamina in dealing with some of physical limitation. As the session in the smooth pool at the day center, where service users with physical limitation try to force themselves in movements to ravish the time that they spend inside the pool.Identify breastworks that individuals may encounter in accessing services and facilities Barriers that individuals may encounter in accessing services and facilities are -Distance. Not all transports are provided to get access to wheelchairs therefore it require a special vehicle -Education. Lack of cultivation is a barrier for an individual to access services -Opportunity cost. hail may be prohibitive or there may not be staff addressable to give support. Also cultural and social barriers may affect the individual in accessing to services and facilitiesDescribe ways of overcoming barriers to accessing services and facilities -Providing specialist transport such a vans with ramps for wheelchair access or team of specially accomplished slew who know how to professionally escort people with mental issues in accessing other facilities and service -Lack of information is a barrier and can be addressed by presenting as much information on the type of the services, who the service is for and the proper use of facilities.-Special equipment such hoist are required for some individual and a number of well trained staff to allow service users to benefit of it -With our multicultural sphere there has been a rise in the need for interpreters and this has been recognised in most government institutions where they accelerate for those that may be not able to understand English and may need an interpreter. Explain wherefore it is important to support individuals to challenge information about services that may present a barrier to participationSupporting individuals who challenge information about services that threaten participation help to encourage more people into participating. Finding out which things put a hamper on participation will help to crystallize more associate themselves with the activity. How to construe individuals rights and preferences are promoted when accessing and using services and facilities The most effective way to ensure individuals right and preferences is always asking them permission. Explain well, in the clerer way what we are sack to do, and asking them if the are agreed on that.

Consumer Behaviour with context to E-Commerce

There has been a tremendous hold water and increase in the e-commerce. E-commerce refers to Electronic commerce which includes buying and selling of goods carried out electronic exclusivelyy mostly on the Internet and World Wide Web. E-commerce judgment Is In its full swing in India. The large number of India shit welcomed the E-commerce concept. There is continuous increase in the buying and selling of goods on the Internet. Cryptographic Segmentation of Indian People And E-commerce Segmentation is dividing the market In to different segments In order to select the argent customers.Market move be segmented on several(a) bases. Cryptographic Segmentation is done on the stand of lifestyle of the people. In India there been a continuous change in the lifestyle of the people found depending upon the refreshful trend. There is a vast effect and attraction of the western culture on the lifestyle of people. In India the lifestyle of the people Is deferent from people that live in the cities and that in the village. The lifestyle of the people aliment in cities is far more than advanced than villagers referable to higher facilities and the adaptability of the straightawayer hang by the urban population.The E-commerce sector had made a very good use of this segment. The people In clues easy and quick access to Internet and there Is as well as a large use of internet found in this go into. They readily and quickly accept the new trends In fashion. The latest clothing trends seen in the movie or any of the glamour world personality is rightly kept in to sell by the shop sites like Gabon, Mantra, and Shoppers etc. For Ex- Lean, Margins and Varian Divan these popular young superstars of plywood followed and liked youngsters were selected s brand embassador of Gabon. excessively various imitation Jewelry is universe exchange online keeping in mind the likings of urban ladies who enjoys eating away new patterns of jewelry. Jaywalkers. Com is an example of such a shopping site where only Jeweler Is being sold. Also in order to wait in long lines and going out for having your favorite fast viands giants like Pizza Hut, Dominos, Sub Way and various other have enabled online ordering. The availability of the products of various supranational brands like Emperor Airman, Role and other luxurious brands shows the sign of success of e-commerce.Looking at the lifestyle of urban citizens who like to have dinner out every weekend the coupons be made available at sites like Group of big v star hotels like Grand Hyatt, which offer weekends buffet dinners. demographic Segmentation of Indian People and E-commerce In Demographic segmentation the market is segmented on the basis of the Age, Gender, Education, Religion, Nationality, Income, Social Class etc. Starting with the major head Age It has been found that it Is the young multiplication vastly use Internet on their laptops and mobile phones.They argon also the biggest fashion crazy people O FF Gabon, Mantra and Jungle. On the basis of the gender also a separate segment for men, women and childrens can be found on the sites like eBay, Amazon etc. Also there are sites like www. Sheepishness. Com are only for ladies. Keeping in mind the cultural and religious thought and its heavy impact on the Indian customers there are various products like beautiful lightings being sold at the conviction of dalai also colors and Pushchairs are being sold at the time of Hold.Even idols of god are being made available and the clothing at various festivals such as China Chili and Karts t the time of Invariant etc. For Ex-Trades. Com Conclusion Various other factor ins that stand to the success of e-commerce in India are the positive thought in the minds of the people about the originality of the product, also giving the trial option, warranty and change on delivery and cash back guarantee increases the faith in customers and encourage them to buy online.It has been also perceived that the online price is less as compared to the retail outlets due to the eradication of middlemen in between. Also expression at the rush at various public laces in cities as well as villages the politics has also enabled online booking of tickets, voter ID cards and passport application installment on the internet. Anus 2- Marketing commixture is the combination of elements of marketing and the role played by each and every element in the performance of marketing There is difference in the behavior of a customer from a urban center and from that of a customer of a village.Product The villages buy with concept of fulfilling Just necessity and the urban people buy with the concept of fulfilling necessity and also for standard, wish, pleasure and comfort. The products that would be kept for sale in to villagers will mostly integrate of the goods related to the basic necessities such as grains, cloths and various other products that would be a part of their sidereal day today life . The products would also be such that which the villagers would easily prefer. For Ex- The sale of olive oil would not be good in villages as compared to cities.Studies say that villages have great brand loyalty from that of cities. It is important to keep the products of customers preference in the hold on. Place The villagers do not have goods means of transportation so the place to be chosen or the retail throw in essential be near to the village as well as the place must be not far away from the main road. As the villagers own vehicles like cycle and motor cycle in due to increase in the transpiration facility and ownership of cars it is easy for them to travel a little longer distance.Price Price would play an important factor in the success of the store. The villagers earns from agriculture and other allied activities. The income of the villager is low as compared to that of an urban citizen. The purchasing advocator of villager is less due to his income. So it is to be k ept in mind that the products to be sold must not be of high price. For this individual behaveets off product such as biscuits should be sold rather than that of family packets. Even though they can even be reduced in a pack of 4 of 5 biscuits per pack.Promotion Promotion in villages should be done on mediums such as at bus stations, writing on the buses, radios, television etc. Personal Marketing at the time of various meals in the villages can also be very useful. Personal Marketing will have a greater impact on the village customers as all their doubts can be cleared and all the description of the reduce can be given. Also various local events like night matches which observe in villages can be sponsored. In cities the promotion can be done on internet, railway system stations and holdings.People People refer to the persons who would directly do the marketing to the village customers. It is to be kept in mind that the persons selected for personal marketing must be having addi tional skills like the knowing the local phraseology of the village. It would be best if the marketing person selected would be one among the village which would wait on in more effective communication with the villagers. In cities it not important to find a person from the area itself and he must know any local language.Process Process is a secret key which can help in winning the minds of the customers. Suppose a customer from the buys a electronic product from the retail store and it has an onsite warranty, it needs to be registered online and there is a need of demo for the usage of the new product so the at the time of the selling the product the online warranty activation can be done at the retail shop itself, the customer can be given the facility to talk to the customer armorial bearing and confirm his registration process and he demo can also be shown at the shop.As the city customers are well educated they can themselves do this by their own. Physical Evidence Physical manifest refers to the surrounding environment. It is important that the sales persons have a proper uniform look clean, they have their cards, and the store has a wider lay and a good interior. Physical evidence is much essential in cities as the service expected by the people is more due to competition in the cities while due to less competition in the villages some of the factors like uniform and other big store space can be overlooked.

Compare and Contrast Rap and R&B Essay

Even though pick apart music is considered fierce, there are some rap songs that delivers positive messages and then you have some R&B songs that are just as violent and raunchy as some Rap songs. Rap and R&B music are two enjoyable however, both genres of music have a jackpot of differences.The word Rap came from a vulgarity word meaning conversation. Rap music t leftovers to pluck a more tough and rowdy crowd. It is frequently categorized as violent music and has been known to be protested against. One of the reasons that some people cerebrate that Rap music is considered violent is because of the lyrics and the videos. Some of the lyrics in rap music talk about killing, robbing, shooting, stealing, sex and drugs. A group name N.W.A. (Ni**az with Attitude) made a song called F**K Da Police in the 80s. The song caused a lot of uproar from not only the jurisprudence but parents and fellow congressman as well.The Rap music videos often have a lot of half naked women dancing an d gyrating in skimpy outfits. Sometimes you will see sexual references in these videos that can be considered soft porn. Luther Uncle Luke Campbell, was in fact taken to court because certain people theme that his videos and lyrics were too sexual and that he should be banned from shake offting out any more music. The end result of that was a Parental Advisory sticker being slapped on all cds that has either violent or sexual lyrics or cd covers. Rap music has also been claimed by nearly critics that rap causes sexist beliefs. I guess the reason being is because of the way the women are portrayed in these videos. Some of them are called Video Hos, Groupies, and now Video Vixens.The letters R&B stands for Rhythm and Blues. R&B music tends to attract a mellower, chill crowd and is put into a category called baby making music. R&B music has never been protested against and does not make up violent lyrics or videos. enchantment rap music has a more a hard bass sound, R&B music h as a more mid-tempo slow beat with a lot of wheel instruments. Some R&B songs talk about being heartbroken and in love.Read tooEasy Compare and Contrast Essay TopicsThe reason most R&B songs are put into a category called baby making musicis because of the very slow sensual sexual beat that the songs have. There are certain songs that set a romantic mood for lovers or significant others. reliable groups or singers like The Isley Brothers and Barry White are known for having that very slow and sensual groove. In my feeling I do believe that R&B songs are more sexual than Rap. You have titles of R&B songs called Sex Me, 12 play, T-shirt and Panties, and Lets Ride, just to name a few. The lyrics in these songs may not be violent but they are definitely very sexual and raunchy.While R&B music has never been protested against, there have been some issues back in the advanced 50s early 60s with some of the jump moves and lyrics to songs. A song called the HuckleBuck dance moves wer e considered very racy. Recently there has been an issue with a song called Sponsor by R&B artist Teiarra Marie. Even though the lyrics are nowhere near sexual explicit as most R&B songs, her lyrics are stating that she has a man that obtains her shoes, clothes, jewelry, and gives her money. Some see this as an issue because untried women who look up to Teiarra Marie may think that it is okay to depend on a man to buy them things and to give them money when they can just work and make their own money.I enjoy comprehend to both genres of music. The stuff they say about rap is not all true. I am not a violent person and I enjoy Rap just as much as I enjoy R&B music. I do prefer to listen to R&B over rap simply because I like the beats better. Even though the two attract different audiences, they both have one purpose and that is to entertain their fans and give them what they ask for.

Revenue and Production

BERGERAC CASE STUDY Summary The purpose of this report is to analyze the luck to get up flexible components for powder magazine payoff and choose the best alternative. It is predicted that the annual light upon harvesting is a triangular distribution with a stripped-down of 5%, most likely of 17% and a utmost of 25%. Due to the continuous process in the choose, the alternatives fucking non be compargond using just the data for 2010. An digest is carried out for the time fulfilment 2011 to 2015 and the read deserving(predicate) of the inter lettuce income is considered as the criteria to select the alternative.The digest essentially can be divided into 5 steps * Forecasting acquire for next five long time, * Estimating efficiency mandatory, * Developing take strategy, * Calculate the operating expenses for the alternatives, * Select the alternative based on the mystify worth(predicate)(predicate) of clear income. From the estimated installed base of 7500 Om niVue promoters at the end of form 2010, the crave for the OmniVue instruments and cartridges atomic turning 18 forecasted. in that location is a new-sprung(prenominal) product OmniVue mobile, ready to be launched in course of study 2013.It is sham that the OmniVue mobile can be accounted for 30% of the demand for Instruments in year 2013, 50% in year 2014 and 60% in year 2015. The growth in demand for the OmniVue instrument is assume to decrease after the release of OmniVue mobile. It is estimated that the business aptitude of Bergerac to flummox OmniVue instruments is approximately 2000 march oning blocks per year with a take of 5 eld per calendar week. It is inferred that using level strategy, the probability that the demand is not met in the next five eld is 5. 74%.There is no need to make up the might of the intersection straining apart from changes required when the OmniVue mobile is released. There argon various strategies which argon comp atomic num ber 18d in build option. For apiece occupation strategy, the best root word for the capacities in apiece year is found out. later finding the optimum solutions, the production strategies be comp ard with each other to find out the best solution for the build option. The production strategies that are analyzed are * aim production strategy and Chase production strategy * Overtime is allowed / not allowedThe base values assumed to calculate the production be for cartridges are included in Appendix F. Based on the production plan, the expenses incurred are calculated for some(prenominal) options. The expenses are calculated for the historic period 2011 to 2015. The expenses and revenue for cartridges and instruments are shown in Appendix H and Appendix I respectively. The income parameter is prepared from the expenses calculated and the revenue (refer to Appendix J). The income tax rate for the society is estimated to be 39% from the income educations for years 2007 to 20 09.The revenues and other expenses from outgrowths other than OmniVue is estimated and added to the income statement. The net income is calculated. The cash flows for years 2011 to 2015 is withal calculated. The net present worth is calculated for the net income and the cash flows. The objective employ to optimize the solution is to maximize the lowly of net present worth of the net income and cash flows. The four production strategies for the build option are optimized and the supreme net present worth for the options is forecasted. The best solution from the four strategies is chosen and compared to the net present worth of the steal option.Based on the analysis, build is a better option than buy option. The present worth of the net income is highest for level production, overtime allowed. But level production, overtime not allowed is in truth close to it and it does not affect the employee relationship. It is recommended to use level production strategy, no overtime (net present worth for net income is $59. 8 million). The received objective is to produce the plastic components for Bergerac with the lowest expenses, which can be achieved by building a unit for plastic component production in the plant itself.It is also recommended to buy 5 machines instead of 4 machines in year 2010 based on the analysis. Dilemma for Ian Wyckoff Since 2008, Bergerac had been exploring the opportunity to begin its own production of cartridge components. Plastic suppliers like GenieTech and Elsinore faced difficulties in responding to demand spikes, leading to production delays. Such supplier unreliableness made it challenging for Bergerac to optimize its cartridge production. Thus, the company had to carry more take stock of parts and complete goods than Wyckoff could have liked.The obvious appeal to fully control the supply of plastic lead to a strategy, the company has to decide whether to buy or build this capability. GenieTech owner was interested in retiremen t and was willing to cope the company for a pur come after price of $5. 75 million. GenieTech has 8 molding presses each could produce 5 cartridges per cycle with a total capacity of 10,782,720 cartridges per year with 5 geezerhood production in a week. The other alternative is to build a unit with 4 molding presses which are more good than the presses at GenieTech.The total capacity of the unit will be 6,097,371cartridges per year with 5 days production in a week. It is required to predict the best long term decision among the buy and build options. Mr. McCarthys Analysis of pervert vs get to The analysis by Mr. McCarthy is a good basic analysis for comparing the alternatives, Buy vs Build. The main factor which Mr. McCarthy has not considered is the growing demand of the cartridges. The demand for cartridges is growing steadily and the Mr. McCarthys build option with 4 molding presses will not be able to indulge the demand in the upcoming years (refer table 1). Additionally , Mr.McCarthy has not considered the possible revenue from the existing operations of GenieTech with other customers. The possible merger could also serve as a possibility for development in a new product line which would favor the growth of the company. So, Mr. McCarthy has not considered all the factors when comparing the devil alternatives which esteems it is not ideal to accept this analysis. Financial analysis to choose between alternatives Buy Vs Build using a 2011 to 2015 study period The analysis can be basically divided into 5 steps First, the demand for the years 2011 to 2015 has to be forecasted.Second step is to estimate the capacity required to receive the demand in both buy and build options. The next step is to plan the production accordingly to meet the demand forecasted previously. The employee strike which is predicted to happen in the start of year 2013 should be accounted for when cooking the production. The monetary values of operation and the revenues are then calculated which is used in the income statement. Final step is to compare the cash flows to contain the optimal solution that can be executed in the years 2011 to 2015.Estimated demand for OmniVue cartridges and the testing instruments for years 2011 2015 The expected annual growth rate of demand is a triangular distribution with a minimum of 5%, a most likely of 17% and a maximum of 25%. From the estimated installed base of 7500 OmniVue instruments at the end of year 2010, the demand for the OmniVue instruments and cartridges are forecasted. There is a new product OmniVue mobile, ready to be launched in year 2013. It is assumed that the OmniVue mobile can be accounted for 30% of the demand for Instruments in year 2013, 50% in year 2014 and 60% in year 2015.The growth in demand for the OmniVue instrument is assumed to decrease after the release of OmniVue mobile. Table 1 bespeak for OmniVue Instruments and Cartridges forecasted for years 2011 2015 Capacity planning OmniVu e instruments It is predicted that the installed base at the end of year 2010 is 7500. Bergerac has manufactured 7500 units in the period mid-2006 to 2010. Hence, it is estimated that the production capacity of Bergerac to produce OmniVue instruments is approximately 2000 units per year with a production of 5 days per week.Using the assumption for increase in demand for the instruments, the number of units to be produced using level production for years 2011 to 2015 is forecasted and it is seen that the probability that the demand is not met is 5. 74%. The maximum number of units to be produced is 2,588. It can be met if the production is increased to 7 days per week whenever required. Hence, it is assumed that there is no need to increase the capacity of the production line apart from changes required when the OmniVue mobile is released. contrive 1 Level production capacity required for years 2011 to 2015 OmniVue Cartridges Build option Figure X shows the demand for years 2011 to 2015 based on the estimated installed base of 7500 at the end of 2010 and the assumed growth rate. The minimum and maximum growth rates are 5% and 25% respectively. Figure 2 Demand for cartridge The demand for the assumed growth rates is plan. The 4 molding presses proposed by Mr. McCarthy will be sufficient to meet the demand if the growth rate is 5% every year, but will not be able to meet requirements if the demand grows by 25%.The capacity of the proposed 4 machines with 5 days/week and 7 days/week are plotted. The number of units to be produced with level production is plotted the proposed 4 machines will be able to meet the demand with overtime (excess of 5 days/week). It is assumed that the OmniVue mobile is given penchant in case of shortage of capacity. Optquest is used to estimate the right number of machines to be pur drop behindd and the expansion strategy in the future years so that the company profit is maximum. Buy option The cartridge components are the only diff erence between the buy and build options.There is no increase in the capacity required because the afoot(predicate) capacity of 8 machines will be able to indulge the demand for the next 5 years. Figure 3 Cartridge demand for year 2015 peak demand Other product lines It is assumed that the new product OmniVue mobile can be manufactured in the homogeneous production line with some modifications in the equipment. Overtime It is assumed that overtime can be used for manufacturing when the 5 days/week is not enough to meet the demands. The overtime wages for the fatigue are twice the normal.The overtime wages are calculated from the utilization factor of the machines which is 5 days/week normal production (100% utilization). The overtime cannot exceed 40% because there are only 2 more days left in a week. It should be noted that there is only 3% change in the operational expenses for overtime (refer to Appendix E). Employee strike in 2013 It is predicted to be 50% probability that the employees will do strike for a period of 0. 5 to 3 months. So, it is assumed that the annual capacity is reduced to 75% if the strike duration is 3 months (refer Appendix D).Strategies can be formulated to take in charge the strike situation by producing more units in the previous year so that the demand can be met in the first 3 months of 2013. The maximum demand during the strike period is estimated to be a maximum of 1. 6 million cartridges and 277 instruments. It is assumed that the OmniVue mobile will be released after the strike is over. return planning Cartridges Buy option (GenieTech) The said(prenominal) number of units is produced every year which will be friction match to the production capacity.The plastic components requirement for Bergerac is first satisfied and the remaining capacity is used for the other contracts of GenieTech. after the launch of OmniVue mobile, the production for OmniVue mobile is given preference. Overtime is used for production if the de mand exceeds capacity which is tall(a) to happen in the next 5 years. Since the production capacity of GenieTech has been always above the demand, the other strategies are not analyzed. Build option There are various strategies which are compared in build option.For each production strategy, the optimum solution for the capacities in each year is found out. After finding the optimum solutions, the production strategies are compared with each other to find out the best solution for the build option. There criteria used to find the optimum solution is the present worth. The production strategies that are analyzed are * Level production strategy and Chase production strategy * Overtime is allowed / not allowed For level production strategy, the record holding cost is assumed to be $0. 2/unit for OmniVue and $0. /unit for OmniVue mobile. The alternatives are compared using net present worth forecast graphs. The level production plan and chase production plan are included in Appendix B and Appendix C respectively (Note production plan for both the cartridges and the instrument are available in the alike table). Instruments The instruments are produced using level production strategy. The production is scheduled based on the demand forecast for the years 2011 to 2015. OmniVue mobile is given more preference like the production strategy for cartridges.It is assumed that 2 foremen and 6 other labors are required for the production line. It is also assumed that OmniVue mobile instrument also can be manufactured in the same production line with some modification in the equipment. The production of instruments does not impact the analysis because the same cost is incurred in both options. Other products The operations for other products are directly included in the income statement and it is not analyzed. Operational expenses and Income statement The base values assumed to calculate the production costs for cartridges are included in Appendix F.Based on the production plan, the expenses incurred are calculated for both options. The expenses are calculated for the years 2011 to 2015. The expenses and revenue for cartridges and instruments are shown in Appendix H and Appendix I respectively. The income statement is prepared from the expenses calculated and the revenue (refer to Appendix J). In level production strategy, the expenses are incurred during a period different from the period in which the product is sold. But, it is expended only when the product is sold.For that purpose, the cost per unit is calculated and is used to calculate the cost of goods sold. For example, if in a year, 3000 goods are sold and 1000 are from previous year inventory, then the cost is calculated using previous year cost per unit for 1000 units and current year cost per unit for the remaining units. The income tax rate for the company is estimated to be 39% from the income statements for years 2007 to 2009. The revenues and other expenses from operations other than OmniVue is estimated and added to the income statement.The net income is calculated. Cash flows (refer Appendix K) Similar to the Income statement, the revenues, expenses and jacket crown investment for each year is calculated from the data and the cash flows for the alternatives are calculated. In cash flow statement, the expenses are expended in the same year when it was spent. The income statement which was prepared previously has used accrual accounting. Depreciation is included in income statement. In cash flow, the capital investments are included instead of depreciation. Present worth analysisThe net present worth is calculated for the net income and the cash flows. The objective used to optimize the solution is to maximize the mean of net present worth of the net income and cash flows. The four production strategies for the build option are optimized and the maximum net present worth for the options is forecasted. The best solution from the four strategies is chosen and com pared to the net present worth of the buy option. The overtime not allowed scenario is performed in Optquest by adding a constraint that the utilization in all years is less than or equal to 100%.Build option (refer Appendix M) Present worth of Net income For chase production strategy, overtime allowed, maximum of mean of net present worth is $58. 770 million. 31002 For chase production strategy, overtime not allowed, maximum of mean of net present worth is $58. 486 million. 40101 For level production strategy, overtime allowed, maximum of mean of net present worth is $60. 786 million. 40000 For level production strategy, overtime not allowed, maximum of mean of net present worth is $59. 789 million. 50100 Present worth of Cash flowFor chase production strategy, overtime allowed, maximum of mean of net present worth is $53. 474 million. 31000 For chase production strategy, overtime not allowed, maximum of mean of net present worth is $52. 220 million. 40101 For level production stra tegy, overtime allowed, maximum of mean of net present worth is $50. 086 million30010. For level production strategy, overtime not allowed, maximum of mean of net present worth is $47. 742 million. 50100 Buy option (refer Appendix N) Present worth of Net income $54. 204 millionPresent worth of Cash flow $47. 647 million Based on the analysis, build is a better option than buy option. The present worth of the net income is highest for level production, overtime allowed. But level production, overtime not allowed is very close to the highest and it does not affect the employee relationship. It is recommended to use level production strategy, no overtime. There is an issue with inventory building in level production strategy. Also, by not choosing the buy option, Bergerac loses a chance to don a new product line.But, the current objective is to produce the plastic components for Bergerac with the lowest expenses, which can be achieved by building a unit for plastic component productio n in the plant itself. It is also recommended to buy 5 machines instead of 4 machines in year 2010 based on the analysis. Appendices List of assumptions * The growth of demand is a triangular distribution with 5%, 17% and 25%. * The OmniVue mobile demand accounts for 30%, 50% and 60% in 2013, 2014 and 2015 respectively. * It is predicted that there is a 50% chance of strike in 2013 for a time period of 0. to 3 months. * The OmniVue instruments and cartridges can be manufactured in the same production line with some changes in equipment. A $200,000 cost is added in year 2013 for these changes. * The base values considered for calculating production cost for cartridges and the instruments are available in the Appendix F and G respectively. The labor cost for instruments is assumed to be the same as that of cartridges. There will be no impact for assumptions related to instruments because the same cost is assumed in both options. * The labor growth of GenieTech is 2 to 5%.The material cost increases by 3 to 8%. * For overtime, the salary is 2 times the salary in normal production hours. The overtime salary is calculated from the utilization. * OmniVue mobile cartridge will be sold at $8 per unit. * Transportation cost of plastic components from GenieTech is $0. 1/unit. * The inventory holding cost for cartridges is $0. 2 for OmniVue and $0. 1 for OmniVue mobile. * The plastic components are sold to other customers from GenieTech at $1. 66/unit. * The labor and overhead for instrument production are assumed values. The revenue from other products is assumed to be $35 million. Gross margin for other products is 60%. * The R & D costs increase 7% every year. The R & D cost for GenieTech is 5% of Bergeracs. * Sales and marketing cost is 25% of revenue. Profit sharing is 0. 1% of gross profit. * The General and administrative cost for HemaVue is $6 million and it increase 10% every year. * Interests are 5% of Income from operations. * In capital investments, installat ion and building cost has a $125,000 fixed cost and $75,000 variable cost per machine.